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uucp(1) General Commands Manual uucp(1) NAME uucp - Copies files from one system to another (UNIX-to-UNIX system copy) SYNOPSIS uucp [-d|-f] [-ggrade] [-cCjmr] [-nuser] [-sfile] [-xdebug_level] source... destination The uucp command copies one or more source files from one system to one or more destination files on another system. STANDARDS Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry stan- dards as follows: uucp(): XPG4 Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about in- dustry standards and associated tags. OPTIONS Transfers the source files to the destination on the specified com- puter. The source files are not copied into the spool directory for transfer. This saves the system from copying possibly large files to the spooling directory for transfer. (See the discussion of the -C op- tion.) Copies local files to the spool directory for transfer. Depend- ing on the configuration of the Poll and Systems files, and on how of- ten the uusched command is run, the files could be transferred immedi- ately (on demand polling), or in the future. This option is on by de- fault. Occasionally, there are problems in transferring a source file; for example, the remote computer might not be working or the lo- gin attempt might fail. In such a case, the file remains in the spool directory until it is transferred successfully or removed by the uucleanup command. Creates any intermediate directories needed to copy the source files to the destination. Instead of first creating a directory and then copying files to it, the uucp command can be entered with the destination pathname, and the required directory will be created. This option is on by default. Suppresses creation of intermediate directories during the file transfer. [DIGITAL] Specifies when the files are to be transmitted during a particular connection. The grade is a single number (0-9) or ASCII letter (A-Z, a-z); lowercase ASCII- sequence characters cause the files to be transmitted earlier than do higher sequence characters. The number 0 is the highest (earliest) grade; z is the lowest (latest) grade. The default is N. Displays the job identification number of the transfer operation on standard output. This job ID can be used by the uustat command to obtain the status of information about the status of a particular job, or with uustat -k to terminate the transfer before it is completed. Sends mail to the requester when the transfer to the remote system is completed. The mes- sage is sent to the requester's mailbox, using the mailx com- mand. No mail is sent for a local transfer. The -m option works only when sending files or receiving a sin- gle file. It does not work when forwarding files. Receiving multiple files specified by the shell pattern-matching charac- ters ?, *, and [...] does not activate the -m option. Notifies the user specified by user on the designated system that files were sent. The mail system does not send a message for a local transfer. Usernames can contain only ASCII characters. Pre- vents the starting of the file transfer program, uucico, even if the command was issued at a time when calls to the remote system are permitted. By default, a call to the remote system is at- tempted if the command is issued during a time period specified in the Poll and Systems files. [DIGITAL] Reports the status of the transfer to the specified file. In this case, the file designation must be a full pathname. [DIGITAL] Displays de- bugging information on the screen of the user's terminal. The debug_level is a number between 0 and 9. The higher number gives a more detailed report. DESCRIPTION The uucp command can copy files within a local system, between a local and a remote system, and between two remote systems. The uucp command accomplishes the file transfer in two steps: first, by creating a command (C.*) file in the spooling directory on the local computer, and then by sending the request to the specified computer us- ing the uucico command. Command files include information such as the full pathname of the source and destination files, and the sender's login name. The full pathname of a command file is a form of the following: /var/spool/uucp/system/C.systemNnnnn where N is the grade of the request and nnnn is the hexadecimal se- quence number used. If the uucp command is used with the -C option to copy the files to the spool directory for transfer, uucp creates not only a command file, but also a data (D.*) file that contains the actual source file. The full pathname of a data file is a form of the following: /var/spool/uucp/system/D.systemnnnnppp where nnnn is a hexadecimal sequence number and ppp is a subjob ID. Once the command files (and data files, if necessary) are created, uucp calls the uucico daemon, which in turn attempts to contact the remote computer to deliver the files. It is useful to issue the uuname command to determine the exact name of the remote system before issuing uucp. The uulog command provides in- formation about uucp activities on a system. Pathnames Pathnames for the source and destination of the uucp transfer can con- tain only ASCII characters and can be one of the following: A full pathname A relative pathname A pathname preceded by ~user, where user is a login name on the specified system. The specified user's login directory is then considered the destination of the transfer. If the user specifies an invalid login name, the files are transferred to the public directory /var/spool/uucppublic, which is the default. A path- name preceded by ~/destination, where destination is appended to /var/spool/uucppublic. This destination is treated as a filename unless more than one file is being transferred by this request, or the destination is a directory. To ensure that it is a directory, follow the des- tination name with a / (slash). For example, ~/amy/ as the des- tination creates the directory /var/spool/uucppublic/amy, if it does not already exist, and puts the requested files in that di- rectory. Source and Destination Filenames A filename can be a pathname on the local system, or can have the fol- lowing form: system!pathname where system is taken from a list of system names that uucp knows about. The destination system name (destination) can also be a list of names, such as the following: system!system! ...!system!pathname In this case, an attempt is made to send the file along the specified route to the destination. Make sure that intermediate nodes in this route are willing to forward information and that they actually talk to the next system. The shell pattern-matching characters ?, *, and [...] can be used in the pathname of the source file; the appropriate system expands them. However, shell pattern-matching characters cannot be used in the path- name of the destination file. If the destination is a directory rather than a file, uucp uses the last part of the source name. Permissions The system administrator should restrict the access to local files by users on other systems. When transmitting files, uucp preserves execute permissions and grants read and write permissions to the owner, the group, and all others. (The uucp command owns the file.) Sending files to arbitrary destination pathnames on other systems, or getting files from arbitrary source pathnames on other systems, often fails because of security restrictions. The files specified in the pathname must give read or write permission not only for the same group of users, but also for any group. Protected files and files in protected directories owned by the re- quester can be sent by uucp. EXAMPLES To copy file f1 from the local system to a remote system named hera, enter: uucp /u/geo/f1 hera!/u/geo/f1 To copy file f2 from the remote system hera and place it in the public directory, enter: uucp hera!geo/f2 /var/spool/uucppublic/f2 To place the f2 file in a direc- tory other than the public directory, enter: uucp hera!geo/f2 /u/geo/f2 In this case, make sure that the geo login directory allows write permission to other users and other groups; for example, with mode 777. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The following environment variables affect the execution of uucp: [DIG- ITAL] Specifies the flow control used on the connection. Permitted values are: HW, SW, and NONE. The uugetty on the remote system must also use the same flow control. Provides a default value for the in- ternationalization variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization variables contains an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the variables had been defined. If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization variables. Determines the locale for the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multicharacter colating elements within bracketed file name patterns. Determines the locale for the in- terpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for ex- ample, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters in arguments and input files) and the behavior of character classes within bracketed file name patterns (for example, '[[:lower]]*'). Determines the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. Determines the format of date and time strings output by uucp. Determines the location of message cata- logues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES. Determines the time zone used with date and time strings. [DIGITAL] Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) for uucico to try to establish a connection before it times out. A value of 0 (zero) indicates an unlimited amount of time. FILES Contains the uucico daemon. Spooling directory. Public directory. SEE ALSO Commands: ct(1), cu(1), mailx(1), rmail(1), tip(1), uucico(8), uucle- anup(8), uuencode(1), uulog(1), uuname(1), uupick(1), uusched(8), uusend(1), uustat(1), uuto(1), uux(1), uuxqt(1) Standards: standards(5) uucp(1)