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RELEASE(7) FreeBSD Miscellaneous Information Manual RELEASE(7) NAME release - layout of NetBSD releases and snapshots DESCRIPTION This document describes the layout of NetBSD releases and snapshots. This layout should be consistent between FTP servers and CD-ROMs, except possibly the path that leads to the release hierarchy. In this document, the following special words have these definitions: <machine> The platform for which the release was built, corresponding to the hw.machine sysctl variable, e.g., i386 or amiga. <machine_arch> The architecture for which a particular installation set was built, corresponding to the hw.machine_arch sysctl variable, e.g., i386 or m68k. <rel> The release version number. All README files are descriptions of the various files in directories that have "non-standard" contents. There may also be a README file at the top-level, describing who built the snapshot and under what circumstances (e.g., whether it's an official NetBSD snapshot, or not). All MD5 files are MD5 digests for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum -a MD5 <file>. All SHA512 files are SHA512 digests for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: cksum -a SHA512 <file>. The SHA512 digest is safer, but MD5 checksums are provided so that a wider range of operating systems can check the integrity of the release files. Files that end in .tgz are gzipped tar archives. This is used in lieu of .tar.gz because the software used to download the sets may incorrectly auto-unpack files ending in .gz and to accommodate systems which only support 3 character extensions to file names. All tar archives are relative to the target's / directory, and do not include the leading "/". The root of the release hierarchy may be the root directory of a CD-ROM, but in all other cases it should be .../NetBSD-<rel>/. The root of the release hierarchy should contain the following files and subdirectories: images/ Image files intended for use in installing NetBSD. There are different types of images for different platforms, and sometimes multiple different image types for a single platform. Images in this directory, unlike images in the .../NetBSD-<rel>/<machine>/installation/ directories, contain file systems that have an internal layout that corresponds to a complete release for a given machine type. If built with "iso-image-source", then it will also contain a "source" directory. These images are usually bootable. MD5 SHA512 NetBSD-<rel>-<machine>.iso CD-ROM images in ISO 9660 format, usually created with "./build.sh ... iso-image ..." after a "./build.sh -x ... release ..." in src or created with "./build.sh ... iso-image-source ..." after a "./build.sh -x ... release sourcesets ..." in src. NetBSD-<rel>-<machine>-install.img.gz Bootable installation images intended to be written to any drive which appears as an sd(4) type, such as USB flash disks. These images are created with "./build.sh ... install-image" in src. shared/ Files shared by two or more machine types. <machine_arch>/ Files which may be shared by all systems of the same <machine_arch> will be located in .../NetBSD-<rel>/shared/<machine_arch>/ with symbolic links pointing to these files from the <machine> subdirectory. ALL/ Files which are completely machine-independent will be located in .../NetBSD-<rel>/shared/ALL/ with symbolic links pointing to these files from the <machine> subdirectory. source/ Source code of the operating system should be put into .../NetBSD-<rel>/source/ using the following layout: sets/ Sources for the various system sets. MD5 SHA512 gnusrc.tgz Contains sources for all GPLed and possibly other programs that contains restrictions in their licensing that prevent others from using these programs in closed-source environments. sharesrc.tgz Contains machine-independent data files that can be shared across architectures/systems. src.tgz The operating system's userland source code, including all programs, tools, libraries, etc. syssrc.tgz Kernel sources for all architectures plus sources of the tools needed to build kernels (like config(1)). xsrc.tgz Source code of the X Window System used on all NetBSD architectures. Includes X clients and servers. <machine>/ The binary releases in .../NetBSD-<rel>/<machine>/ fit the following layout: INSTALL.txt Installation notes, including complete descriptions of files contained within the release hierarchy INSTALL.more pretty version, suited for viewing with more(1) INSTALL.html HTML version INSTALL.ps PostScript version binary/ system binaries gzimg/ compressed system images <machine>.tar.gz The primary system image on those platforms that provide them. These images may not be bootable. <machine>-<board>.tar.gz A bootable system image for a particular board, on platforms that provide them. sets/ installation sets MD5 SHA512 base.tgz The base binary distribution. This set contains the base NetBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. This set excludes all things listed in the sets described below. comp.tgz The compiler tools distribution. This set contains the C and C++ compilers, assembler, linker, other toolchain components, and their manual pages. It also includes the system include files (/usr/include) and the static system libraries. etc.tgz This set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places throughout the file system hierarchy. games.tgz This set includes the games and their manual pages. kern-GENERIC.tgz This set includes a kernel built from the GENERIC kernel configuration file. This is meant as an example only; different platforms may have differently named kernels. man.tgz This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set which are not included in the other sets. misc.tgz This set includes miscellaneous non- essential files, including dictionaries, the typesettable document set, and various other documentation and example configuration files. modules.tgz This set includes all the kernel modules. rescue.tgz This set contains the rescue(8) utilities. tests.tgz This set includes the tests(7) for atf(7), the automated test framework used by NetBSD. text.tgz This set includes the NetBSD text processing tools, including groff(1), all related programs, and their manual pages. xbase.tgz This set includes the base X11 distribution, including manual pages and excluding everything contained in the other X11 sets. xetc.tgz This set includes X11 configuration files. xcomp.tgz This set includes the X11 include files and static X11 libraries. xfont.tgz This set includes the X11 fonts. xserver.tgz This set includes the X servers and manual pages for a given machine. Note: this set may not be available on some platforms. kernel/ suitably named, gzipped kernels MD5 SHA512 netbsd-GENERIC.gz A kernel built from the GENERIC kernel configuration file. This is meant as an example only; different platforms may have differently named kernels. installation/ installation helper items cdrom/ CD-ROM images in ISO 9660 format, created as part of "build.sh ... release ..." in src. Images in this directory are bootable, and contain one a kernel, installation tools, and rescue tools. They do not contain installation sets, source sets, or other components of a complete release. Note: These images are only present in the amd64 and i386 distributions. MD5 SHA512 boot.iso VGA console boot-com.iso Serial console diskimage/ disk images, on those platforms that provide them MD5 SHA512 diskimage.gz floppy/ floppy images, on those platforms that provide them MD5 SHA512 boot1.fs boot2.fs instkernel/ installation kernels for platforms that can boot them directly MD5 SHA512 netbsd.gz miniroot/ miniroot images, on those platforms that provide them MD5 SHA512 miniroot.fs.gz misc/ miscellaneous installation helper utilities, including boot selectors, floppy writing software, other software that runs under foreign operating systems, etc. MD5 SHA512 ... netboot/ network boot programs MD5 SHA512 netboot.gz tapeimage/ tape images, on those platforms that provide them MD5 SHA512 tapeboot SEE ALSO cksum(1), dd(1), gzip(1), split(1), tar(1) HISTORY The release manual page first appeared in NetBSD 1.3. FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE-p8 July 13, 2020 FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE-p8