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getutent(3) Library Functions Manual getutent(3) NAME getutent, getutent_r, getutid, getutid_r, getutline, getutline_r, pututline, pututline_r, setutent, setutent_r, endutent, endutent_r, utmpname - Access utmp file entries LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc.a) SYNOPSIS #include <utmp.h> struct utmp *getutent(void); struct utmp *getutid( struct utmp *ID); struct utmp *getutline( struct utmp *line); struct utmp *pututline( struct utmp *utmp_ptr); void setutent(void); void endutent(void); void utmpname( char *file); The following functions are supported in order to maintain backward compatibility with previous versions of the operating system. int getutent_r( struct utmp **utmp, struct utmp_data *utmp_data); int getutid_r( struct utmp *ID, struct utmp **utmp, struct utmp_data *utmp_data); int getutline_r( struct utmp *line, struct utmp **utmp, struct utmp_data *utmp_data); int pututline_r( struct utmp *utmp_ptr, struct utmp_data *utmp_data); void setutent_r( struct utmp_data *utmp_data); void endutent_r( struct utmp_data *utmp_data); PARAMETERS Specifies one of the RUN_LVL, BOOT_TIME, OLD_TIME, NEW_TIME, INIT_PROCESS, LOGIN_PROCESS, USER_PROCESS, or DEAD_PROCESS entries. If ID is one of RUN_LVL, BOOT_TIME, OLD_TIME, or NEW_TIME entries, the getutid() function searches forward from the current point in the utmp file until an entry with a ut_type matching ID->ut_type is found. If ID is one of the INIT_PROCESS, LOGIN_PROCESS, USER_PROCESS, or DEAD_PROCESS entries, the getutid() function returns a pointer to the first entry whose type is one of these four and whose ut_id field matches ID->ut_id. If the end of the file is reached without a match, the getutid() function fails. Matches a utmp entry of the type LO- GIN_PROCESS or USER_PROCESS such that the ut_line matches line->ut_line. The getutline() function searches from the current point in the utmp file until it finds a matching line. If the end the of file is reached without a match, the getutline() function fails. Points to a utmp structure to be placed into the utmp file. Specifies the name of the file to be examined. Points at the returned utmp structure. Is data for the utmp database. DESCRIPTION The getutent(), getutid(), and getutline() functions return a pointer to a utmp structure. The getutent() function reads the next entry from a file similar to the utmp file. If the file is not already open, the getutent() function opens it. If the file does not exist, getutent() tries to create a file. The getutent() function fails and returns a null pointer if one or more of the following occur: The end of the file is reached. The file creation fails. The read or write file permissions are inappro- priate. The pututline() function writes the supplied utmp_ptr parameter struc- ture into the utmp file. If you have not searched for the proper place in the file using one of the getut... routines, the pututline() func- tion calls getutid() to search forward for the proper place. It is ex- pected that the user of pututline() searched for the proper entry using one of the getut... functions. If so, pututline() does not search. If the pututline() function does not find a matching slot for the entry, it adds a new entry to the end of the file. Note that the pututline() function waits for a short time before it decides that the current process holding the lock is dead and proceeds to write to the file. The setutent() function resets the input stream to the beginning of the file. You should do this before each search for a new entry if you want to examine the entire file. The endutent() function closes the currently open file. The utmpname() function changes the name of the file to be examined from /var/adm/utmp to any other filename. The name specified is usually /var/adm/wtmp. (For example, for accounting purposes, you can use the utmpname() function to change the name.) If the specified file does not exist, no indication is given until the file is referenced. The utmp- name() function does not open the file, but closes the old file (if it is currently open) and saves the new filename. The most current entry is saved in a static structure, making the utmp- name() function non-reentrant. To make multiple accesses, you must copy or use the structure between each access. The getutid() and getut- line() functions examine the static structure first. If the contents of the static structure match what they are searching for, they do not read the utmp file. Therefore, you must fill the static structure with zeros after each use if you want to use these subroutines to search for multiple occurrences. If the pututline() function finds that it is not already at the correct place in the file, the implicit read it performs does not overwrite the contents of the static structure returned by the getutent(), getutid(), or getutline() functions. This allows you to get an entry with one of these subroutines, modify the structure, and pass the pointer back to the pututline() function for writing. These functions use buffered standard I/O for input, but the putut- line() function uses an unbuffered nonstandard write to avoid race con- ditions between processes trying to modify the utmp and wtmp files and uses the flock system call. The getutent_r(), getutid_r(), getutline_r(), pututline_r(), setut- line_r(), and endutline_r() functions are the reentrant versions of the getutent(), getutid(), getutline(), pututline(), setutline(), and en- dutline() functions. They are supported in order to maintain backward compatibility with previous versions of the operating system. Upon successful completion, the getutent_r(), getutid_r(), and getut- line_r() functions provide a pointer to the utmp structure in utmp. Otherwise they return a value of -1. The utmp.h header file defines the utmp_data structure. NOTES The utmpname() function does not close any file streams when used for reentrant applications. The utmpname() function is a function that returns void. If it is given a file parameter that exceeds the maximum path length, the func- tion simply returns and does not change the filename. Note that before accessing the utmp file for the first time, the ut_fd field of the utmp_data structure must be set to a value of -1. RETURN VALUES Upon successful completion, the getutent(), getutid(), and getutline() functions return pointers to the utmp structure. If a read or write fails due to the end of the file, or due to a permission conflict, the getutent(), getutid(), getutline(), and pututline() functions fail and return a null pointer. The getutid() function may also fail if the ID is invalid, as does the getutid_r() function. ERRORS If any of the following conditions occurs, the getutent_r(), getu- tid_r(), and getutline_r() functions set errno to the corresponding value: Either the utmp, ID, line, or utmp_data parameter is invalid. In addition, if any of the following conditions occurs, the getutid_r() and getutline_r() functions set errno to the corresponding value: The search failed. FILES Accounting header file that defines the format for the login database file. The active login/logoff database files. RELATED INFORMATION Functions: flock(2), open(2) Files: utmp(4), wtmp(4). delim off getutent(3)