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PIC(1) General Commands Manual PIC(1) NAME pic, tpic - troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures SYNOPSIS pic [ files ] tpic [ files ] DESCRIPTION Pic is a troff(1) preprocessor for drawing figures on a typesetter. Pic code is contained between .PS and .PE lines: .PS optional-width optional-height element-list .PE If optional-width is present, the picture is made that many inches wide, regardless of any dimensions used internally. The height is scaled in the same proportion unless optional-height is present. If .PF is used instead of .PE, the typesetting po- sition after printing is restored to what it was upon entry. A line of the form .PS<file causes pic to treat the the named file as if it stood in place of the .PS line. An element-list is a list of elements: primitive attribute-list placename : element placename : position var = expr direction { element-list } [ element-list ] for var = expr to expr by expr do { anything } if expr then { anything } else { anything } copy file, copy thru macro, copy file thru macro sh { commandline } print expr reset optional var-list troff-command Elements are separated by newlines or semicolons; a long element may be continued by ending the line with a backslash. Comments are introduced by a # and terminated by a newline. Variable names begin with a lower case letter; place names begin with upper case. Place and variable names retain their values from one picture to the next. After each primitive the current position moves in the current direc- tion (up,down, left,right (default)) by the size of the primitive. The current position and direction are saved upon entry to a {...} block and restored upon exit. Elements within a block enclosed in [...] are treated as a unit; the dimensions are determined by the extreme points of the contained objects. Names, variables, and direction of motion within a block are local to that block. troff-command is any line that begins with a period. Such a line is assumed to make sense in the context where it appears; generally, this means only size and font changes. Changes to vertical spacing will produce broken pictures. The primitive objects are: box circle ellipse arc line arrow spline move text-list is a synonym for An attribute-list is a sequence of zero or more attributes; each at- tribute consists of a keyword, perhaps followed by a value. h(eigh)t expr wid(th) expr rad(ius) expr diam(eter) expr up opt-expr down opt-expr right opt-expr left opt-expr from position to position at position with corner by expr, expr then dotted opt-expr dashed opt-expr chop opt-expr -> <- <-> invis same text-list expr Missing attributes and values are filled in from defaults. Not all at- tributes make sense for all primitives; irrelevant ones are silently ignored. The attribute causes the geometrical center to be put at the specified place; causes the position on the object to be put at the specified place. For lines, splines and arcs, and refer to arrowhead size. A bare expr implies motion in the current direction. Text is normally an attribute of some primitive; by default it is placed at the geometrical center of the object. Stand-alone text is also permitted. A text list is a list of text items: text-item: "..." positioning ... sprintf("format", expr, ...) positioning ... positioning: center ljust rjust above below If there are multiple text items for some primitive, they are arranged vertically and centered except as qualified. Positioning requests ap- ply to each item independently. Text items may contain in-line troff commands for size and font changes, local motions, etc., but make sure that these are balanced so that the entering state is restored before exiting. A position is ultimately an x,y coordinate pair, but it may be speci- fied in other ways. position: expr, expr place +- expr, expr place +- ( expr, expr ) ( position, position )x from one, y the other expr [of the way] between position and position expr < position , position > ( position ) place: placename optional-corner corner of placename nth primitive optional-corner corner of nth primitive Here An optional-corner is one of the eight compass points or the center or the start or end of a primitive. optional-corner: .n .e .w .s .ne .se .nw .sw .c .start .end corner: top bot left right start end Each object in a picture has an ordinal number; nth refers to this. nth: nth, nth last The built-in variables and their default values are: boxwid = 0.75 boxht = 0.5 circlerad = 0.25 arcrad = 0.25 ellipsewid = 0.75 ellipseht = 0.5 linewid = 0.5 lineht = 0.5 movewid = 0.5 moveht = 0.5 textwid = 0 textht = 0 arrowwid = 0.05 arrowht = 0.1 dashwid = 0.1 arrowhead = 2 scale = 1 These may be changed at any time, and the new values remain in force from picture to picture until changed again or reset by a statement. Variables changed within [ and ] revert to their previous value upon exit from the block. Dimensions are divided by scale during output. Expressions in pic are evaluated in floating point. All numbers repre- senting dimensions are taken to be in inches. expr: expr op expr - expr ! expr ( expr ) variable number place .x place .y place .ht place .wid place .rad sin(expr) cos(expr) atan2(expr,expr) log(expr) exp(expr) sqrt(expr) max(expr,expr) min(expr,expr) int(expr) rand() op: + - * / % < <= > >= == != && || The define and undef statements are not part of the grammar. define name { replacement text } undef name Occurrences of $1, $2, etc., in the replacement text will be replaced by the corresponding arguments if name is invoked as name(arg1, arg2, ...) Non-existent arguments are replaced by null strings. Replacement text may contain newlines. The undef statement removes the definition of a macro. Tpic is a tex(1) preprocessor that accepts pic language. It produces Tex commands that define a box called \graph, which contains the pic- ture. The box may be output this way: \centerline{\box\graph} EXAMPLES arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above move A: ellipse circle rad .1 with .w at A.e circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne> arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5 arrow "input" above; box "process"; arrow "output" above move A: el- lipse circle rad .1 with .w at A.e circle rad .05 at 0.5 <A.c, A.ne> arc from A.c to A.se rad 0.5 SEE ALSO cip(9.1), ideal(1), ped(9.1), grap(1), dag(1), doctype(1), troff(1) B. W. Kernighan, `PIC--a Graphics Language for Typesetting', this man- ual, Volume 2 PIC(1)