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fstab(4) Kernel Interfaces Manual fstab(4) NAME fstab - Static information about file systems and swap partitions SYNOPSIS /etc/fstab DESCRIPTION The /etc/fstab file contains descriptive information about the known file systems and the disk partitions used for swapping (and dumping). The /etc/fstab file is read by various programs. When you install the operating system, the local file systems and the partitions for the swap areas are included in the /etc/fstab file. Each file system or swap partition is described on a separate line; fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. When you boot the system, only the file systems specified in the /etc/fstab file are mounted. The following is an example of an /etc/fstab file: /dev/rz2a / ufs rw 1 1 /dev/rz0g /usr ufs rw 1 2 /dev/rz2b swap1 ufs sw 0 2 /dev/rz0b swap2 ufs sw 0 2 /dev/rz2g /var ufs rw 1 2 /dev/rz3c /usr/users ufs rw 1 2 /usr/share/man@rabbit /usr/share/man nfs ro,bg 0 0 usr_dmn#user1 /usr/user1 advfs rw,userquota,groupquota 0 2 The order of the lines in the /etc/fstab file is important because the fsck, mount, and umount commands read the file sequentially from top to bottom. The syntax of a line in the /etc/fstab file is as follows. Note that lines beginning with a hash (#) sign are ignored. Blank lines are also ignored. file_spec mnt_point fs_type mnt_options backup fsck The first field, (file_spec), describes the block special device, the remote file system directory, or the AdvFS fileset to be mounted. For UFS file systems, the special file name is the block special file name, and not the character special file name. If a program needs the char- acter special file name, the program must create it by appending the letter r after the last / (slash) in the special file name (for exam- ple, /dev/rrz0g). For mfs file systems, file_spec can also specify the size in 512-byte sectors, using the following syntax: -ssize See mfs(8) for more information. The second field, (mnt_point), specifies either the mount point for the file system or remote directory or swap1 or swap2 for the primary or secondary swap partition, respectively. The third field, (fs_type), specifies the type of file system. Specify ufs for swap partitions. The system currently supports the following file systems: Specifies an ISO 9660 or High Sierra Formatted (CD-ROM) file system. Specifies a Network File System. Specifies a /proc file system, which allows you to access and manipulate running processes as if they were files. The /proc file system is used for debugging pur- poses. You must specify 0 (zero) in the freq and order fields because the /proc file system should not be backed up or checked. Specifies a local UNIX file system or a swap partition. Specifies the memory file system. Specifies a local Advanced File System. The fourth field, (mnt_options), describes the mount options associated with the file system or partition. It is formatted as a comma sepa- rated list of options and must contain, at a minimum, one of the fol- lowing mount options. There are no default mount options; the subse- quent mount operation fails if you do not specify a mount option or if you specify an incorrect or undocumented mount option. See mount(8) for a complete list and description of the legal mount options for the various file system types. Specifies that the file system is mounted with read-only access. Specifies that the file system is mounted with read-write access. Specifies that the file system is mounted with read-write access. Specifies that the file system can be mounted even if it was not cleanly unmounted. This is only for UFS. If quotas are to be enforced for users or groups, one or both of the options must be specified. If userquota is specified, user quotas are to be enforced. If groupquota is specified, group quotas are to be enforced. These options can also specify the location of the quota files; either userquota, groupquota, or both can be specified. When the quota commands (for example, quotacheck and quotaon) are run, they first access the quota files. By default, user and group quotas for a file system are contained in the quota.user and quota.group files, which are located in the directory speci- fied by the mount point. For example, the quotas for the file system on which /usr is mounted are located in the /usr direc- tory. You also can specify another file name and location. For example: userquota=/var/quotas/tmp.user Note that quota options apply only to UFS and AdvFS file sys- tems. Specifies that the partition is used as swap space. Use the swapon command to specify additional swap space. [Because DIGITAL UNIX does not currently support paging and swapping to a regular file, the following options are not supported.] If you specify the sw mount option, you can also specify the following options that apply to partitions used as swap space: Specifies the swap space priority. The n variable can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, with 0 being lowest priority, and 4 being highest pri- ority. Specifies the low water mark. If the paging file grows larger than the low water mark, and then shrinks below the low water mark, the operating system will not make the file smaller than the low water mark. If the low water mark is set to 0, then the paging file will not shrink after paging space is freed. The default value for the low water mark is 20Mbytes. Specifies the high water mark, which is the limit to which the operating system will expand the paging file. The default value for the high water mark is unlimited. Specifies that the file system entry should be ignored. The fifth field, (backup), is used by the dump command to determine which file systems need to be backed up. If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and dump assumes that the file system does not need to be backed up. AdvFS ignores this field. For UFS file systems, the sixth field, (fsck), is used by the fsck command to determine the order in which file system checks are done at reboot time. For the root file system, specify 1 in the fsck field. For other UFS file systems specify 2 or higher in the fsck field. Each ufs file system should have a unique fsck value. For AdvFS filesets, the the sixth field is a pass number field that al- lows the quotacheck command to perform all of the consistency checks needed for the fileset. For the root file system, specify 1 in the fsck field. Each AdvFS fileset in an AdvFS file domain should have a unique fsck value, which should be 2 or higher. File systems that are on the same disk are checked sequentially, but file systems on different disks are checked at the same time to utilize parallelism available in the hardware. If the sixth field is not present or zero, a value of zero is returned and the fsck command as- sumes that the file system does not need to be checked. The following information is from the /usr/include/fstab.h file: struct fstab { char *fs_spec; /* block special device name */ char *fs_file; /* file system path prefix */ char *fs_vf- stype; /* type of file system */ char *fs_mntops; /* comma separated mount options */ char *fs_type; /* rw, ro, sw, or xx */ int fs_freq; /* dump frequency, in days */ int fs_passno; /* pass number on parallel dump */ }; You can read records from the /etc/fstab file by using the getfsent(), getfsspec(), getfstype(), and getfsfile() routines. RELATED INFORMATION Files: /usr/include/fstab.h Commands: swapon(8), advfs(4), getfsent(3), fsck(8), mount(8), umount(8) delim off fstab(4)