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deckanji(5) File Formats Manual deckanji(5) NAME deckanji - A character encoding system (codeset) for Japanese DESCRIPTION The DEC Kanji codeset consists of the following characters: ASCII or JIS X0201 Roman letters Katakana characters specified by JIS X0201 JIS X0208 characters User-defined characters (UDC) DEC Kanji uses a combination of single-byte data and two-byte data to represent these characters. JIS X0201 is a single-byte character set and consists of Roman letters and Katakana characters, which are Japanese phonetic symbols. The Roman letters defined in the JIS X0201-1976 standard are the same as ASCII letters. (For information on the ASCII character set, refer to ascii(5).) However, JIS X0201 replaces the ASCII tilde (~) character with a horizontal bar (located at the upper part of a character cell), and replaces the backslash (\) with the Japanese currency sign (Yen). The JIS XO208 standard specifies two-byte character values that repre- sent a variety of characters, including ideographic symbols. DEC Kanji Encoding All ASCII characters are represented by single-byte 7-bit values in DEC Kanji. That is, the most significant bit (MSB) is always set off in the byte that represents an ASCII character. The Roman letters and the Katakana characters specified by JIS X0201 are also single-byte values in which the most significant bit (MSB) is set off and on, respec- tively. The code table for JIS X0208 characters is divided into 94 rows, num- bered from 1 to 94. Each row has 94 columns, also numbered from 1 to 94. JIS X0208 defines a total of 6877 characters which include: Special symbols, in rows 1 and 2 Numerals and Roman letters, in row 3 Hiragana characters, in row 4 Katakana characters, in row 5 Greek letters, in row 6 Russian letters, in row 7 Symbols for drawing graphs, diagrams, and lines, in row 8 First level Kanji characters, in rows 16 to 47 Sec- ond level Kanji characters, in rows 48 to 84 To comply with the JIS X0208 standard, each JIS X0208 character is a two-byte value in the DEC Kanji codeset. The MSB of both the first and second bytes is always set on to distinguish JIS X0208 characters from ASCII/JIS Roman or user-defined characters. For each JIS X0208 character, The first byte of the two-byte value de- termines the row number and the second determines the column number in the JIS X0208 code table. The following formula shows the code value for a JIS X0208 character in relation to its row and column numbers: 1st byte = A0 + Row number 2nd byte = A0 + Column number For example, if a character is positioned at the first column of the 36th row, its code value is C4A1, which is calculated as follows: 1st byte = A0 (hex) + 36 = C4 (hex) 2nd byte = A0 (hex) + 01 = A1 (hex) For user-defined character (UDC) definitions, DEC Kanji provides an area of 2914 positions (from row 1 to row 31). Each UDC is represented by a two-byte value, just like a JIS X0208 character value. However, the MSB of the second byte of a UDC is set off to distinguish it from a JIS X0208 character. The code range of the UDC area is A121 to BF7E. The following formula calculates the code of a UDC in relation to its row and column numbers: 1st byte = A0 + Row number 2nd byte = 20 + Column number For example, if a UDC is positioned at the first column of the 16th row, its code value is B021, which is calculated as follows: 1st byte = A0 (hex) + 16 = B0 (hex) 2nd byte = 20 (hex) + 01 = 21 (hex) Codeset Conversion The following codeset converter pairs are available for converting Japanese characters between deckanji and other encoding formats. Refer to iconv_intro(5) for an introduction to codeset conversion. For more information about the other codeset for which deckanji is the input or output, see the reference page specified in the list item. eucJP_deck- anji, deckanji_eucJP Converting from and to Japanese Extended UNIX Code: eucJP(5). iso-2022-jp_deckanji, deckanji_iso-2022-jp Converting from and to the ISO 2022-JP codeset: iso2022jp(5). iso-2022-jpext_deckanji, deckanji_iso-2022-jpext Converting from and to the ISO 2022-JPexp codeset: iso2022jp(5). JIS7_deckanji, deckanji_JIS7 Converting from and to the JIS7 codeset: jiskanji(5). sdeck- anji_deckanji, deckanji_sdeckanji Converting from and to the Super DEC Kanji codeset: sdeck- anji(5). SJIS_deckanji, deckanji_SJIS Converting from and to the Shift JIS codeset: shiftjis(5). Note that Shift JIS encoding is equivalent to the Microsoft code-page format used on PCs for Japanese. Therefore, you can use these converters to convert data between DEC Kanji and PC code-page format. For information on PC code pages, see code_page(5) UCS-2_deckanji, deckanji_UCS-2 Converting from and to UCS-2 format: Unicode(5). UCS-4_deck- anji, deckanji_UCS-4 Converting from and to UCS-4 format: Unicode(5). UTF-8_deck- anji, deckanji_UTF-8 Converting from and to UTF--8 format: Unicode(5). Japanese Fonts The operating system provides the following Japanese bitmap fonts in various sizes and typefaces for 75dpi and 100dpi (dot-per-inch) display devices: JIS X0201-1976 characters (Gothic family): -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-40-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-m-60-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-nor- mal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r- normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium- r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-90-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic- medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-85-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw- gothic-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-170-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-nor- mal--14-100-100-100-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r- normal--25-180-100-100-m-125-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-gothic- medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-100-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw- gothic-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-55-jisx0201.1976-0 JIS X0201-1976 characters (Kmenu family) -jdecw-kmenu-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-kmenu-medium-r-nor- mal--17-120-100-100-p-85-jisx0201.1976-0 JIS X0201-1976 charac- ters (Mincho family) -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-40-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-nor- mal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r- normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium- r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-90-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho- medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-85-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-min- cho-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-170-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-nor- mal--14-100-100-100-m-70-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r- normal--25-180-100-100-m-125-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw-mincho- medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-100-jisx0201.1976-0 -jdecw- mincho-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-55-jisx0201.1976-0 JIS X0201-1976 characters (Screen family) -jdecw-screen-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-120-jisx0201-ro- mankana -jdecw-screen-medium-r-nor- mal--18-180-75-75-m-80-jisx0201-romankana -jdecw-screen-medium- r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-70-jisx0201-romankana -jdecw-screen- medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-50-jisx0201-romankana JIS X0208 characters (Gothic family) -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-nor- mal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r- normal--12-120-75-75-m-120-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium- r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic- medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw- gothic-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-180-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-80-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-nor- mal--17-120-100-100-m-170-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium- r-normal--34-240-100-100-m-340-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic- medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw- gothic-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-250-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium-r-nor- mal--20-140-100-100-m-200-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-gothic-medium- r-normal--11-80-100-100-m-110-jisx0208.1983-1 JIS X0208 charac- ters (Mincho family) -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-nor- mal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1 jdecw-mincho-medium-r- normal--12-120-75-75-m-120-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho-medium- r-normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho- medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-min- cho-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-180-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw- mincho-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-80-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw- mincho-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-m-170-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-nor- mal--34-240-100-100-m-340-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho-medium- r-normal--14-100-100-100-m-140-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho- medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-m-250-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw- mincho-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-200-jisx0208.1983-1 -jdecw-mincho-medium-r-nor- mal--11-80-100-100-m-110-jisx0208.1983-1 JIS X0208 characters (Screen family) -jdecw-screen-medium-r-nor- mal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208-kanji00 -jdecw-screen-medium-r- normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208-kanji00 -jdecw-screen- medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji00 -jdecw- screen-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji00 -jdecw-screen-medium-r-nor- mal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208-kanji00 -jdecw-screen-medium-r- normal--24-240-75-75-m-240-jisx0208-kanji11 -jdecw-screen- medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-100-jisx0208-kanji11 -jdecw- screen-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-m-160-jisx0208-kanji11 -jdecw-screen-medium-r-nor- mal--14-140-75-75-m-140-jisx0208-kanji11 For printers, the operating system provides only Japanese fonts that are printer-resident; that is, there are no Japanese fonts that can be dynamically down-loaded to the printer. Refer to i18n_printing(5) for general information on printing non-English text. SEE ALSO Commands: locale(1) Others: ascii(5), code_page(5), eucJP(5), i18n_intro(5), i18n_print- ing(5), iconv_intro(5), iso2022jp(5), Japanese(5), jiskanji(5), sdeck- anji(5), shiftjis(5), Unicode(5) deckanji(5)