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0 Command: boot | Section: 8 | Source: UNIX v7 | File: boot.8
BOOT(8) System Manager's Manual BOOT(8) NAME boot - startup procedures DESCRIPTION A V7/x86 system is started by a two-stage process. The first is a pri- mary bootstrap which is able to read in relatively small stand-alone programs; the second (called boot) is used to read in the system it- self. Both bootstraps are 16-bit x86 `real mode' programs in pure bi- nary format. The primary bootstrap must reside in the otherwise unused block zero of the boot device, or block zero of the V7/x86 partition, in the case of disks with `fdisk partitions'. This is loaded at address 0x7c00, ei- ther by the ROM BIOS directly or by code loaded by the BIOS from the master boot record of the disk. This program immediately loads the second stage bootstrap at address 0x8000. The second stage actually brings in the system. When executed, boot types a prompt on the console as follows BOOT [hd(0,0)unix]: Then it reads from the console a device specification (see below) fol- lowed immediately by a pathname. Boot finds the corresponding file on the given device, loads that file into memory at address 0x10000, and passes control to it. Information displayed between square brackets constitutes defaults ob- tainable by pressing the Enter key without further input. Where the pathname specifies a directory, the contents is listed. Conventionally, the name of the current version of the system is `/unix'. Thus, the recipe is: 1) Load and execute boot by powering up, or rebooting, the machine and selecting the V7/x86 partition, where applicable. 2) When the prompt is given, type hd(0,0)unix or fd(0,0)unix depending on whether you are loading from hard drive or from the floppy drive, respectively. The first 0 indicates the physical unit number; the second indicates the block number of the begin- ning of the logical file system to be searched (see below). The block number may be omitted, if zero. When the system is running, it types a `#' prompt. After any file sys- tem checks have been performed, a multi-user system is brought up by typing an EOT (control-d) in response to the `#' prompt. Device specifications. A device specification has the following form: device(unit,offset) where device is the type of the device to be searched, unit is the unit number of the device, and offset is the block offset of the file system on the device. Device is one of the following hd hard drive fd floppy drive For example, the specification hd(1,7000) indicates a hard drive, unit 1, and the file system found starting at block 7000. FILES /unix - system code /usr/boot/pcuboot - copy of primary bootstrap /boot - second stage bootstrap SEE ALSO init(8) BOOT(8)

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