DES_SET_KEY(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual DES_SET_KEY(3)
NAME
DES_random_key, DES_set_key, DES_key_sched, DES_set_key_checked,
DES_set_key_unchecked, DES_set_odd_parity, DES_is_weak_key,
DES_ecb_encrypt, DES_ecb2_encrypt, DES_ecb3_encrypt, DES_ncbc_encrypt,
DES_cfb_encrypt, DES_ofb_encrypt, DES_pcbc_encrypt, DES_cfb64_encrypt,
DES_ofb64_encrypt, DES_xcbc_encrypt, DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt,
DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt,
DES_ede3_cbcm_encrypt, DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt,
DES_cbc_cksum, DES_quad_cksum, DES_string_to_key, DES_string_to_2keys,
DES_fcrypt, DES_crypt - DES encryption
SYNOPSIS
#include <openssl/des.h>
void
DES_random_key(DES_cblock *ret);
int
DES_set_key(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
int
DES_key_sched(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
int
DES_set_key_checked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
void
DES_set_key_unchecked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
void
DES_set_odd_parity(DES_cblock *key);
int
DES_is_weak_key(const_DES_cblock *key);
void
DES_ecb_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
DES_key_schedule *ks, int enc);
void
DES_ecb2_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, int enc);
void
DES_ecb3_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
int enc);
void
DES_ncbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
void
DES_cfb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, int numbits,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
void
DES_ofb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out, int numbits,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec);
void
DES_pcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
void
DES_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num,
int enc);
void
DES_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
void
DES_xcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
const_DES_cblock *inw, const_DES_cblock *outw, int enc);
void
DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
void
DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
void
DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
void
DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
void
DES_ede3_cbcm_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec1, DES_cblock *ivec2,
int enc);
void
DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
void
DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
DES_key_schedule *ks3, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
DES_LONG
DES_cbc_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock *output,
long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, const_DES_cblock *ivec);
DES_LONG
DES_quad_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock output[],
long length, int out_count, DES_cblock *seed);
void
DES_string_to_key(const char *str, DES_cblock *key);
void
DES_string_to_2keys(const char *str, DES_cblock *key1, DES_cblock *key2);
char *
DES_fcrypt(const char *buf, const char *salt, char *ret);
char *
DES_crypt(const char *buf, const char *salt);
DESCRIPTION
This library contains a fast implementation of the DES encryption
algorithm.
There are two phases to the use of DES encryption. The first is the
generation of a DES_key_schedule from a key, and the second is the actual
encryption. A DES key is of type DES_cblock. This type consists of 8
bytes with odd parity. The least significant bit in each byte is the
parity bit. The key schedule is an expanded form of the key; it is used
to speed the encryption process.
DES_random_key() generates a random key in odd parity.
Before a DES key can be used, it must be converted into the architecture
dependent DES_key_schedule via the DES_set_key_checked() or
DES_set_key_unchecked() function.
DES_set_key_checked() will check that the key passed is of odd parity and
is not a weak or semi-weak key. If the parity is wrong, then -1 is
returned. If the key is a weak key, then -2 is returned. If an error is
returned, the key schedule is not generated.
DES_set_key() works like DES_set_key_checked() if the DES_check_key flag
is non-zero, otherwise like DES_set_key_unchecked(). These functions are
available for compatibility; it is recommended to use a function that
does not depend on a global variable.
DES_set_odd_parity() sets the parity of the passed key to odd.
The following routines mostly operate on an input and output stream of
DES_cblocks.
DES_ecb_encrypt() is the basic DES encryption routine that encrypts or
decrypts a single 8-byte DES_cblock in electronic code book (ECB) mode.
It always transforms the input data, pointed to by input, into the output
data, pointed to by the output argument. If the enc argument is non-zero
(DES_ENCRYPT), the input (cleartext) is encrypted into the output
(ciphertext) using the key_schedule specified by the schedule argument,
previously set via DES_set_key(). If enc is zero (DES_DECRYPT), the
input (now ciphertext) is decrypted into the output (now cleartext).
Input and output may overlap. DES_ecb_encrypt() does not return a value.
DES_ecb3_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts the input block by using three-key
Triple-DES encryption in ECB mode. This involves encrypting the input
with ks1, decrypting with the key schedule ks2, and then encrypting with
ks3. This routine greatly reduces the chances of brute force breaking of
DES and has the advantage of if ks1, ks2, and ks3 are the same, it is
equivalent to just encryption using ECB mode and ks1 as the key.
The macro DES_ecb2_encrypt() is provided to perform two-key Triple-DES
encryption by using ks1 for the final encryption.
DES_ncbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the cipher-block-chaining
(CBC) mode of DES. If the enc argument is non-zero, the routine cipher-
block-chain encrypts the cleartext data pointed to by the input argument
into the ciphertext pointed to by the output argument, using the key
schedule provided by the schedule argument, and initialization vector
provided by the ivec argument. If the length argument is not an integral
multiple of eight bytes, the last block is copied to a temporary area and
zero filled. The output is always an integral multiple of eight bytes.
DES_xcbc_encrypt() is RSA's DESX mode of DES. It uses inw and outw to
"whiten" the encryption. inw and outw are secret (unlike the iv) and are
as such, part of the key. So the key is sort of 24 bytes. This is much
better than CBC DES.
DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt() implements outer triple CBC DES encryption with
three keys. This means that each DES operation inside the CBC mode is
"C=E(ks3,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))". This mode is used by SSL.
The DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt() macro implements two-key Triple-DES by reusing
ks1 for the final encryption. "C=E(ks1,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))". This form of
Triple-DES is used by the RSAREF library.
DES_pcbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the propagating cipher block
chaining mode used by Kerberos v4. Its parameters are the same as
DES_ncbc_encrypt().
DES_cfb_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using cipher feedback mode. This
method takes an array of characters as input and outputs an array of
characters. It does not require any padding to 8 character groups.
Note: the ivec variable is changed and the new changed value needs to be
passed to the next call to this function. Since this function runs a
complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is only suggested
for use when sending a small number of characters.
DES_cfb64_encrypt() implements CFB mode of DES with 64-bit feedback. Why
is this useful you ask? Because this routine will allow you to encrypt
an arbitrary number of bytes, without 8 byte padding. Each call to this
routine will encrypt the input bytes to output and then update ivec and
num. num contains "how far" we are though ivec. If this does not make
much sense, read more about CFB mode of DES.
The DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt() function and the DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt()
macro are the same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() except that Triple-DES is used.
DES_ofb_encrypt() encrypts using output feedback mode. This method takes
an array of characters as input and outputs an array of characters. It
does not require any padding to 8 character groups. Note: the ivec
variable is changed and the new changed value needs to be passed to the
next call to this function. Since this function runs a complete DES ECB
encryption per numbits, this function is only suggested for use when
sending a small number of characters.
DES_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() using Output Feed
Back mode.
The DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() function and the DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt()
macro are the same as DES_ofb64_encrypt(), using Triple-DES.
The following functions are included in the DES library for compatibility
with the MIT Kerberos library.
DES_cbc_cksum() produces an 8-byte checksum based on the input stream
(via CBC encryption). The last 4 bytes of the checksum are returned and
the complete 8 bytes are placed in output. This function is used by
Kerberos v4. Other applications should use EVP_DigestInit(3) etc.
instead.
DES_quad_cksum() is a Kerberos v4 function. It returns a 4-byte checksum
from the input bytes. The algorithm can be iterated over the input,
depending on out_count, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times. If output is non-NULL, the 8
bytes generated by each pass are written into output.
The following are DES-based transformations:
DES_fcrypt() is a fast version of the Unix crypt(3) function. The salt
must be two ASCII characters. This version is different from the normal
crypt in that the third parameter is the buffer that the return value is
written into. It needs to be at least 14 bytes long. The fourteenth
byte is set to NUL. This version takes only a small amount of space
relative to other fast crypt implementations. It is thread safe, unlike
the normal crypt.
DES_crypt() is a faster replacement for the normal system crypt(3). This
function calls DES_fcrypt() with a static array passed as the third
parameter. This emulates the normal non-thread safe semantics of
crypt(3).
RETURN VALUES
DES_set_key(), DES_key_sched(), and DES_set_key_checked() return 0 on
success or a negative value on error.
DES_is_weak_key() returns 1 if the passed key is a weak key or 0 if it is
ok.
DES_cbc_cksum() and DES_quad_cksum() return a 4-byte integer representing
the last 4 bytes of the checksum of the input.
DES_fcrypt() returns a pointer to the caller-provided buffer ret, and
DES_crypt() returns a pointer to a static buffer. Both are allowed to
return NULL to indicate failure, but currently, they cannot fail.
SEE ALSO
crypt(3), EVP_des_cbc(3), EVP_EncryptInit(3)
STANDARDS
ANSI X3.106
The DES library was initially written to be source code compatible with
the MIT Kerberos library.
HISTORY
DES_random_key(), DES_set_key(), DES_key_sched(), DES_set_odd_parity(),
DES_is_weak_key(), DES_ecb_encrypt(), DES_cfb_encrypt(),
DES_ofb_encrypt(), DES_pcbc_encrypt(), DES_cfb64_encrypt(),
DES_ofb64_encrypt(), DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt(), DES_cbc_cksum(),
DES_quad_cksum(), DES_string_to_key(), DES_string_to_2keys(), and
DES_crypt() appeared in SSLeay 0.4 or earlier. DES_ncbc_encrypt() first
appeared in SSLeay 0.4.2. DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt() first appeared in
SSLeay 0.4.4. DES_ecb2_encrypt(), DES_ecb3_encrypt(),
DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(), DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(),
DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(), and DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() first appeared in
SSLeay 0.5.1. DES_xcbc_encrypt() first appeared in SSLeay 0.6.2.
DES_fcrypt() first appeared in SSLeay 0.6.5. These functions have been
available since OpenBSD 2.4.
DES_set_key_checked() and DES_set_key_unchecked() first appeared in
OpenSSL 0.9.5 and have been available since OpenBSD 2.7.
In OpenSSL 0.9.7 and OpenBSD 3.2, all des_ functions were renamed to DES_
to avoid clashes with older versions of libdes.
AUTHORS
Eric Young <
[email protected]>
CAVEATS
Single-key DES is insecure due to its short key size. ECB mode is not
suitable for most applications.
BUGS
DES_cbc_encrypt does not modify ivec; use DES_ncbc_encrypt() instead.
DES_cfb_encrypt() and DES_ofb_encrypt() operates on input of 8 bits.
What this means is that if you set numbits to 12, and length to 2, the
first 12 bits will come from the 1st input byte and the low half of the
second input byte. The second 12 bits will have the low 8 bits taken
from the 3rd input byte and the top 4 bits taken from the 4th input byte.
The same holds for output. This function has been implemented this way
because most people will be using a multiple of 8 and because once you
get into pulling input bytes apart things get ugly!
DES_string_to_key() is available for backward compatibility with the MIT
library. New applications should use a cryptographic hash function. The
same applies for DES_string_to_2key().
FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE-p8 May 24, 2024 FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE-p8